Enlightening people about the potentials of maizecorn in nigeria. Land suitability evaluation for maize zea mays production. In india maize cultivation mainly take before monsoon start and it is the kharif crop. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits. These crops together cover 65% of the total cultivated area. Jun 27, 2018 setting up a maize farm in nigeria is not capital intensive, as the initial capital is very low.
Maize is cooked in various ways and millions of africans rely on this crop because it usually costs less than wheat and rice and other common grains and cereals. Like said earlier, a lot of byproducts are gotten from maize. Businesses in the maize corn farming industry primarily grow corn except sweet corn and produce corn seeds. Nigeria has been divided into low, medium, medium to high and high maize production potential groups.
Manual for maize productionbydennis owusu boateng technical officerbunso cocoa college cocobod 2. Maize farming and processing business plan in nigeria. Maize or makka or corn crop cultivation guide maize. Maize production in nigeria requires that the land must be cleared. When the land is ploughed mechanically, the depth of planting should. Today, maize is widely grown in this agro ecological sub region. Maize cultivation in nigeria maize zea mays is an important staple food crop and one of the mostly grown cereal crops in nigeria. Maize farming production business plan in nigeria may 2020. Mtha faostat, 2014 is one of the lowest among the top 10 maize producers in. Enhancing the livelihoods of nigerian farmers seasonality of. This post could be downloaded as pdf maize farming in nigeria pdf my final advice. Maize, which is also commonly known as corn, is one of the most popular food crops in africa. Meanwhile, during the dry season, maize cobs will be sold per unit of 3. Economic analysis of maize production in aniocha north.
Assuming, the maize variety seed produces 1 cob per plant which in most cases is 2 cobs per plant. Maize is one of the most commonly eaten crops in nigeria and other parts of africa. This crop is effected by frost, so it is grown where at least 5 frost free months available in a year. Land races, improved high yielding and pest and diseases resistant varieties of maize have been developed. At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be reported separately owing to widely different yields and uses. Corn commonly refers to the grains or kernels of the tall annual cereal grass zea mays, and it is a staple cereal in many parts of the world. However, the historic records regarding the cultivation of maize in india date back only to the maratha empire. Despite its high production volumes, nigerias average maize yield of 1. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for maize in nigeria. In some areas there is a long tradition of rice growing, but for many, rice has been considered a luxury food for special occasions only. Maize zea mays is an important staple food crop and one of the mostly grown cereal crops in nigeria. The country produces 1 million tons of maize grain annually of which 60% is from the rain forest zone where it forms the staple diet.
Mar 20, 2014 maize zea mays, also called corn, is believed to have originated in central mexico 7000 years ago from a wild grass, and native americans transformed maize into a better source of food. Keep reading to find out about the profitability of maize production in nigeria in 2018. The major staple crops in nigeria are cassava, yam, maize, sorghum, rice and millet. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. Apr 14, 2020 the harvest of maize is expected to start in june, while harvesting operations for yams will start in july. Introduction maize is a tropical grass that is well adapted to many climates and hence has wideranging maturities from 70 days to 210 days. Maize, which has been in the diet of nigerians for centuries, has transited from subsistencelevel cultivation to a commercial level, in so much that many agrobased industries depend on it as. Rice production in nigeria 20182019 infoguide nigeria.
If you grow maize in order to sell boiled or canned final product, it is important to collect the crop before it begins to harden. This maize crop usually thrives best under temperatures varying from 21c30c, although it can tolerate temperatures as high as 35c. It is a staple food for those living in subsaharan africa. Maize research and production in nigeria article pdf available in african journal of biotechnology 36. Climatic requirements for maize cultivation agronomy. Journal of basic and applied research international 23. Maize grows in a wider range of soil type than rice, almost every part of nigeria can grow maize on their soil.
Maize variety releases in nigeria the bulk of maize varieties released and registered in. The green fodder can be fed to milch cattle to boost the milk production of a considerable extent. Nigeria is the second largest producer of maize on the african continent with more than 5 million hectares of land under maize production and an annual area and yield growth rate of 4. In the north, cereals are often intercropped with legumes or with other cereals, whereas maize is usually intercropped with root and tuber crops in the south. Bulk of the crop is grown in warmer parts of temperate regions and in. The starch obtained from maize is processed into several additives, agents and ingredients such as sorbic acid, sorbitol, dextrine, and lactic acid. Chemical composition of the maize kernel components % carbohydrates 84,0 protein 10,9 fat 4,5 minerals 1,3 table 1. These are used in the manufacture of common household items such. And hybrid maize cultivation presents viable opportunity for would be maize farmer to make money in nigeria this season. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption. Despite the economic importance of maize to the teeming populace in nigeria, it has not been produced to meet food and industrial needs of the country. Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the united states in 2014. Maize contains approximately 72% starch, 10% protein, and 4% fat, supplying an energy density of 365 kcal100 g and is grown throughout the world, with the. South african maize is a best suited variety for fodder.
A good production technique without sound marketing strategies is indeed a work in vain. Rice production in nigeria rice is an increasingly important crop in nigeria. May 23, 20 maize is the most important cereal crop in subsaharan africa. Maize production manual volume i chapters 19 april 1982 published and printed at intemationallnstitute of tropical agriculture oyo road, pmb 5320 badan, nigeria manual series no. Setting up a maize farm in nigeria is not capital intensive, as the initial capital is very low. An overview of cultivation to processing abstract maize zea mays l. Maize is the most important staple food in nigeria and it has grown to be local cash crop. Maize with a high percentage of translucent of hard endosperm is preferred by the dry milling industry, because it produces more of the popular highquality and highvalue products sought after than does soft maize. Globally, maize is known as queen of cereals because it has the highest genetic yield potential among the cereals. Planting of rice, to be harvested from october, is underway. Maize can be grown over a wide environmental range. This sample maize farming and processing business plan in nigeria can be used for grant applications, bank loans, proposal writing, business concept note, competitions etc. Maize production gives birth to a lot of other consumables and some of them are.
Pdf maize zea mays is a major important cereal being cultivated in the rainforest and the derived savannah zones of nigeria. Apply 200 kg 4 bags of npk 251010 per hectare at planting as band or broadcast application. The cumulative rainfall amounts since early march were average to above average in most planted areas and supported the development of the maize crop, which is at sprouting and. Maize is one of the most important cereals of the world.
Bulk of the crop is grown in warmer parts of temperate regions and in humid subtropics. The next important field where maize finds extensive use is for livestock feeds viz, cattle poultry and piggery both in the form of seeds and fodder. It is relatively easy to produce and is grown for sale and for home consumption. With the use of hybrid maize and mechanized system of farming, yield of maize can reach up to 10. Maize production of nigeria increased from 1,310 tonnes in 1970 to 11,000 tonnes in 2019 growing at an average annual rate of 6. Economic analysis of dry season maize production in kano and. Farmers guide to soybean production in northern nigeria. In addition, maize is becoming increasingly important as a food security crop in the region. Accepted 16 march 2004 maize zea mays is a major important cereal being cultivated in. The maize crop generally, grows under temperatures between 22c to 30c and its maximum tolerates as 35c temperatures. It is utilized as food for human consumption and feed for livestock industries. In 2019, maize production for nigeria was 11,000 tonnes.
Plant immediately after land preparation to allow maize to get ahead of weeds. Economic analysis of dry season maize production in kano and kaduna states abdulhamid gambo ph d 1, baffa kabir gwadabe2 and cornelius n. Maize consists of 71% starch, 9% protein and 4% oil on a dry weight basis. For countries like benin, ghana, mali and nigeria, maize is a major source of food and cash for smallholder farmers. In nigeria even small farmers haveadopted yellow maize varieties which are grown as cash crop for animal feed market. Maize is widely grown in several zones of nigeria from the coastal swamps of the south to the dry savannah lands of the north. Dec 15, 2016 it is estimated that about 15 per cent of nigerias current maize produce goes for industrial use, due to its high starch content. It is a highly suitable crop, especially well adapted to the savanna zones with their monomodal rainfall distribution. Analysis of economic efficiency of maize production in. Hence, 53,333 stands of maize are expected on the 2.
Even though, there is a readymade demand for fresh maize in the market, more still needs to be done to ensure rapid distribution and profitable sale of the maize. Climatic requirements for maize cultivation in india maize cultivation mainly take before monsoon start and it is the kharif crop. Nigeria alone produces almost 8,000,000 tons of maize each year, with africa harvesting a grand yearly total of almost thirty million hectares of field corn 3. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. No other crop utilises sunlight more effectively than maize, and its yield per ha is the highest of all grain crops. More than 50% of the annual maize production is used to produce animal feeds and over 200 million nigerians are involved in the cultivation, processing and marketing of maize. Local varieties of rice cultivated in nigeria include ofada rice in the southwest and abakaliki rice in the southeast. In agbor, demands of maize consumers have been properly met by the existing suppliers of maize maize products and this means that entrants will be attracted into the business as long as there will be expansion in the farm. International institute of tropical agriculture, ibadan, nigeria. Maize farming and processing business plan is a lucrative business that needs a lot of strategic planning to start and a business coach like dayo adetiloye to help you. Maize is susceptible to both drought and waterlogging. This could be attributed to low productivity from maize farms or that farmers have not adopted. How to cultivate hybrid maize in nigeria wealth result.
Maize grows best on deep, welldrained, fertile soils, and where total seasonal rainfall exceeds 500 mm. Part iii products in the maize farming business plan proposal. In this article we will discuss about the climatic requirements for maize cultivation. Trend analysis of maize production and productivity in nigeria. The importance of maize production in nigeria cannot be over emphasized. Dia 1 departments of agricultural economics and extension, adamawa state university p. Analysis of economic efficiency of maize production in ganye local government area adamawa state, nigeria 1 zalkuwi, j. But without the basic knowledge of maize farming and how it works, it can be very disastrous. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1.
Hence, it is advised that planting time for early maize should be done in march or april, while late cropping of maize is august or september. The best ph range for maize cultivation is between 5. This pdf manual was developed based on research results and field experiences of maize value chain development experts. In asian countries, maize is primarily a rain fed crop which is sown just before monsoon rains. With a growing demand, available funding, and support from requisite governmental agencies, the future of maize farming in nigeria is very bright.
Maize production is a profitable business in nigeria. Rice cultivation also takes place along the valleys of the niger river, and its boundaries. Nov 01, 2015 climatic requirements for maize cultivation. Overripe maize can be sold to farmers as animal feed or can be processed into cereals or flour. Maize, as a major source of calories is not only for humans but also for animals in. Fresh maize for direct eating corn either boiled or roasted. Maize production in nigeria is by far one of the most interesting, easytostart and most lucrative type of agribusiness you can ever lay your hands on.
Maize production problems resulting in yield variation from one zone to another are soil ph, solar radiation and. Rice production in nigeria overseas development institute. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption ranum. Farmers guide to soybean production in northern nigeria i. An effective production can be inefficient when there is a lax in marketing. At maturity, the total energy used by one plant is.
Intercropping is widely practiced in different parts of nigeria. Economic analysis of dry season maize production in kano. Maize cultivation corn process, profit and information. Pdf maize is a very important crop in nigeria, as it provides an inexpensive nutritious food that helps to sustain rapidly increasing population. Kwanga3 1sasakawa global sg 2000 nigeria project, kano, nigeria email. In agbor, demands of maize consumers have been properly met by the existing suppliers of maizemaize products and this means that entrants will be attracted into the business as long as there will be expansion in the farm. Cassava, yam, cocoyam and maize are the major staple crops in the humid parts of the country, whereas maize, sorghum, millet, cowpea and groundnut are the major staple crops in the subhumid and semi. Maize, also known as corn is one of the most useful cereal crop in west africa, foods made out of maize is very nutritious as it is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin b, and minerals, and is known to.
Maize production in ghana, is predominantly done under rainfed conditions by poorly resourced smallholder farmers. It is essentially a crop of warm countries with adequate moisture. Analysis of economic efficiency of maize production in ganye. Maize is reasonably tolerant to soil acidity, but if the soil is very acid, liming will improve the soil and enhance maize yields. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center. Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. Maize accounts for about onefifth of the calories and protein consumed by households.
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